up

I PREPOSITION, ADVERB, AND ADJECTIVE USES

♦

(The preposition is pronounced [[t]ʌp[/t]]. The adverb and adjective are pronounced [[t]ʌ̱p[/t]].)

1) PREP If a person or thing goes up something such as a slope, ladder, or chimney, they move away from the ground or to a higher position.

They were climbing up a narrow mountain road...

I ran up the stairs and saw Alison lying at the top...

The heat disappears straight up the chimney.

Ant:

down

ADV: ADV after v, oft ADV prep/adv

Up is also an adverb.

Finally, after an hour, I went up to Jeremy's room... Intense balls of flame rose up into the sky... He put his hand up.

2) PREP If a person or thing is up something such as a ladder or a mountain, they are near the top of it.

He was up a ladder sawing off the tops of his apple trees...

The Newton Hotel is halfway up a steep hill.

Ant:

down

ADV: ADV after v

Up is also an adverb.

...a research station perched 4000 metres up on the lip of the crater.

3) ADV: ADV after v You use up to indicate that you are looking or facing in a direction that is away from the ground or towards a higher level.

Paul answered, without looking up...

Keep your head up, and look around you from time to time.

Ant:

down

4) ADV: ADV after v If someone stands up, they move so that they are standing.

He stood up and went to the window...

He got up and went out into the foyer.

5) PREP: v PREP n If you go or look up something such as a road or river, you go or look along it. If you are up a road or river, you are somewhere along it.

A line of tanks came up the road from the city...

We leaned on the wooden rail of the bridge and looked up the river...

He had a relation who lived up the road.

Ant:

down

6) ADV: ADV after v, be ADV, oft ADV prep/adv If you are travelling to a particular place, you can say that you are going up to that place, especially if you are going towards the north or to a higher level of land. If you are already in such a place, you can say that you are up there. [mainly SPOKEN]

I'll be up to see you tomorrow...

He was living up North...

I live here now, but I've spent all my time up in Swaziland.

7) ADV: ADV after v, usu ADV to n If you go up to something or someone, you move to the place where they are and stop there.

The girl ran the rest of the way across the street and up to the car...

On the way out a boy of about ten came up on roller skates...

He brought me up to the bar and introduced me to Dave.

8) ADV: ADV after v, be ADV, oft ADV to/by amount If an amount of something goes up, it increases. If an amount of something is up, it has increased and is at a higher level than it was.

They recently put my rent up...

Tourism is up, jobs are up, individual income is up...

Western Germany's rate has also risen sharply, up from 3 percent in 1989 to 4.5 percent...

Over the decade, women in this category went up by 120%.

Ant:

down

9) ADJ: v-link ADJ If you are up, you are not in bed.

Are you sure you should be up?...

These days all sorts of people were up at the crack of dawn...

Soldiers are up at seven for three hours of exercises.

10) ADJ: v-link ADJ If a period of time is up, it has come to an end.

The moment the half-hour was up, Brooks rose...

When the six weeks were up, everybody was sad that she had to leave.

Syn:

over

11) ADJ: v-link ADJ You say that a road is up when it is being repaired and cannot be used. [BRIT]

Half the road was up in Leadenhall Street, so their taxi was obliged to make a detour.

12) ADJ: v-link ADJ If a baseball player is up, it is their turn to bat.

13) ADJ: v-link ADJ If a computer or computer system is up, it is working. Compare down.

14) EXCLAM People sometimes say `Up yours!' as an insult when you have said something to annoy them or make them angry. [INFORMAL, RUDE]

`Up yours,' said the reporter and stormed out into the street.

15) PHRASE: v-link PHR If someone who has been in bed for some time, for example because they have been ill, is up and about, they are now out of bed and living their normal life.

How are you Lennox? Good to see you up and about.

16) PHRASE: V inflects If you say that something is up, you mean that something is wrong or that something worrying is happening. [INFORMAL]

What is it then? Something's up, isn't it?...

Mr. Gordon stopped talking, and his friends knew something was up.

17) PHRASE If you say to someone `What's up?' or if you tell them what's up, you are asking them or telling them what is wrong or what is worrying them. [INFORMAL]

`What's up?', I said to him. - `Nothing much,' he answered...

Let's sit down and then you can say what's up.

18) PHRASE: PHR after v If you move up and down somewhere, you move there repeatedly in one direction and then in the opposite direction.

He continued to jump up and down like a boy at a football match...

I strolled up and down thoughtfully before calling a taxi...

There's a lot of rushing up and down the gangways.

19) PHRASE If you have ups and downs, you experience a mixture of good things and bad things.

Every relationship has a lot of ups and downs...

The organisation has had its ups and downs.

...the ups and downs of parenthood.

20) PHRASE: usu v-link PHR If something is on the up or on the up and up, it is becoming more successful. [BRIT, INFORMAL]

They're saying that the economy is on the up...

It was a great year for music, people had money, opportunities, hope - things were on the up and up.

21) PHRASE: usu v-link PHR If someone is on the up and up, they are honest and sincere. [AM, INFORMAL]

I'm a pretty good judge of men. If you're honest and on the up and up, I'll be able to tell it.

22) up in arms → see arm

II [[t]ʌ̱p[/t]] USED IN COMBINATION AS A PREPOSITION

♦

(Please look at category 9 to see if the expression you are looking for is shown under another headword.)

1) PHR-PREP: PREP n/-ing If you feel up to doing something, you are well enough to do it.

Those patients who were up to it could move to the adjacent pool...

He wasn't at all sure Sarah was up to that...

His fellow-directors were not up to running the business without him.

2) PHR-PREP To be up to something means to be secretly doing something that you should not be doing. [INFORMAL]

Why did you need a room unless you were up to something?...

They must have known what their father was up to...

Look at what they are getting up to.

3) PHR-PREP: oft v-link PREP n to-inf If you say that it is up to someone to do something, you mean that it is their responsibility to do it.

It was up to him to make it right, no matter how long it took...

I'm sure I'd have spotted him if it had been up to me...

The choice was up to Paula.

4) PHR-PREP Up until or up to are used to indicate the latest time at which something can happen, or the end of the period of time that you are referring to.

Please feel free to call me any time up until half past nine at night...

Up to 1989, the growth of per capita income averaged 1 per cent per year.

5) PHR-PREP: PREP amount You use up to to say how large something can be or what level it has reached.

Up to twenty thousand students paid between five and six thousand dollars...

It could be up to two years before the process is complete.

6) PHRASE: v-link PHR If you say that something is not up to much, you mean that it is of poor quality. [BRIT, INFORMAL]

My own souffles aren't up to much...

This business isn't up to much.

7) PHR-PREP If someone or something is up for election, review, or discussion, they are about to be considered.

A third of the Senate and the entire House are up for re-election.

8) PHR-PREP If you are up against something, you have a very difficult situation or problem to deal with.

The chairwoman is up against the greatest challenge to her position...

They were up against a good team but did very well.

Syn:

facing

9) up to your ears → see ear

up to the mark → see mark

up to par → see par

up to scratch → see scratch

III [[t]ʌ̱p[/t]] VERB USES

ups, upping, upped

1) VERB If you up something such as the amount of money you are offering for something, you increase it.

[V n] He upped his offer for the company...

[V n] Chemist stores upped sales by 63 percent...

[V n] We are talking about upping everybody's pay.

Syn:

increase

2) VERB If you up and leave a place, you go away from it, often suddenly or unexpectedly.

[V and v] A man who for months had been dropping amorous hints about a long-term relationship upped and disappeared to America...

[V and v] One day he just upped and left.